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Soon after the disparate states of the Italian peninsula unified in the 1860s to create a single nation, the nationalist Massimo D’Azeglio is said to have remarked, “We have made Italy, now we have to make Italians.” The Pinocchio Effect draws on a remarkably broad array of sources to trace this making of a modern national identity in Italy, a subject that remains strikingly understudied in the English-speaking world of Italian studies.

Taking as her guiding metaphor the character of Pinocchio—a national icon made famous in 1881 by the eponymous children’s book—Susan Stewart-Steinberg argues that just like the renowned puppet, modern Italians were caught in a complex interplay between freely chosen submission and submission demanded by an outside force. In doing so, she explores all the ways that identity was constructed through newly formed attachments, voluntary and otherwise, to the young nation. Featuring deft readings of the period’s most important Italian cultural and social thinkers—including the theorist of mass psychology Scipio Sighele, the authors Matilde Serao and Edmondo De Amicis, the criminologist Cesare Lombroso, and the pedagogue Maria Montessori—Stewart-Steinberg’s richly multidisciplinary book will set a new standard in Italian studies.

• Sales Rank: #2231799 in Books
• Brand: University Of Chicago Press
• Published on: 2008-01-15
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.20" w x 6.00" l, 2.05 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 400 pages

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Review
“This is a brilliant work from beginning to end, and it will take up a previously empty place on our bookshelves as a strikingly original diagnosis of Italian modernity. Suzanne Stewart-Steinberg uncovers a wealth of fin-de-siècle obsessions with the ways that bodies were measured and disciplined, attached to apparatuses, and made to move autonomously. The result is a fresh contribution to both the field of Italian studies and a psychoanalytically informed theory of ideology and its workings.”

(Barbara Spackman, University of California, Berkeley)

“An extraordinary book, The Pinocchio Effect is eclectic and stimulating at every turn. I found the reading of Pinocchio in relation to the paternal and the liberal subject to be captivating. I know of no other work that narrates and describes the nineteenth century in Italy with such nuance and force.”

(Karen Pinkus, University of Southern California)

“Allowing textual materials and theories—historical, literary, cinematic, photographic, operatic, educational, psychological—to speak to each other in an exciting interdisciplinary dialogue, firmly rooted in a strong sense of historical context, this book ambitiously attempts to redefine Italian modernity. Pinocchio, that canonical boy/man/puppet, becomes emblematic of the Italian national character, and even beyond that of the subject of modernity in general: a puppet who moves at the will of others, but also an autonomous being—with no strings attached. Using this figure as a ‘hinge,’ Suzanne Stewart-Steinberg insightfully opens up areas that range from a paternal authoritarianism to the psychology of the masses, always basing her finely tuned analysis in the extended criticism and frequently allegorized readings of Pinocchio in Italian culture. After all, Pinocchio is also self-reflexively fictional: he lies, and we can see the results of his stories on his body.”

(Linda Hutcheon, University of Toronto)

"The book has the merit of highlighting new and complex issues in the formation of Italian national identity." (Stephen Gundle Times Higher Education Supplement)

"[The author's] reading of these post-unification intellectuals is sophisticated and injects a theoretical framework and literary analysis so often missing from historical studies. . . . I would recommend ThePinocchio Effect, with its combination of literary analysis and history, as necessary reading for Italianists in both fields." (Mary S. Gibson H-Net Review)

"An often brilliant and very important work, and not just for scholars of modern Italy. It offers nothing less than a new way of writing the messy history of the late nineteenth century and, more broadly, a new way of mobilizing the past for the present." (David G. Horn American Historical Review)

About the Author
Suzanne Stewart-Steinberg is assistant professor of Italian studies and comparative literature at Brown University. She is the author of Sublime Surrender: Male Masochism at the Fin-de-siècle.

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~~ Free PDF The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, a

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In an era marked by atrocities perpetrated on a grand scale, the tragedy of the so-called comfort women—mostly Korean women forced into prostitution by the Japanese army—endures as one of the darkest events of World War II. These women have usually been labeled victims of a war crime, a simplistic view that makes it easy to pin blame on the policies of imperial Japan and therefore easier to consign the episode to a war-torn past. In this revelatory study, C. Sarah Soh provocatively disputes this master narrative.
            Soh reveals that the forces of Japanese colonialism and Korean patriarchy together shaped the fate of Korean comfort women—a double bind made strikingly apparent in the cases of women cast into sexual slavery after fleeing abuse at home. Other victims were press-ganged into prostitution, sometimes with the help of Korean procurers. Drawing on historical research and interviews with survivors, Soh tells the stories of these women from girlhood through their subjugation and beyond to their efforts to overcome the traumas of their past. Finally, Soh examines the array of factors— from South Korean nationalist politics to the aims of the international women’s human rights movement—that have contributed to the incomplete view of the tragedy that still dominates today.

• Sales Rank: #510722 in Books
• Published on: 2009-02-15
• Released on: 2009-02-15
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.40" w x 6.00" l, 1.12 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 384 pages

Review
“This is a courageous, judicious, and well-written book that refuses to yield to knee-jerk responses or politically correct narratives, but rather insists on setting the comfort women within broader historical and cultural contexts. Sympathetic and sensitive, C. Sarah Soh nevertheless challenges both feminist and ethnic nationalist paradigms in an astonishing display of objectivity. The Comfort Women is a lucid, brave, and important work.”

(Gail Lee Bernstein, author of Isami’s House: Three Centuries of a Japanese Family)

"C. Sarah Soh’s study of ‘comfort women’ offers a close-grained yet compassionate analysis of this disturbing experience. She cogently deploys ethnography and history to illuminate a crucial case in gender and international issues.” (James L. Peacock, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

“This is a dispassionate, careful, well-researched, and brave book. Embedding her story in the whole history of prostitution and abusive treatment of women from the colonial period to the present, Soh shows that the comfort women system partook not just of the authoritarian politics of Japanese colonialism, but was also deeply rooted in a Korean patriarchy whose effects continued on after 1945. I expect this book will be the standard work on the subject for some time.” (Bruce Cumings, University of Chicago)

"A brave and impressive book that usefully complicates and adds layers to our understanding of a sordid system." (Jeff Kingston Japan Times)

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About the Author
C. Sarah Soh is professor of anthropology at San Francisco State University and the author of Women in Korean Politics.

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17 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
Profound, informative, thought-provoking...
By Nerdus Maximus
... and most definitely NOT for casual readers or those who are not willing to re-examine their preconceived ideas and views of the wartime comfort women. This work is likewise ill-suited for those who aren't serious readers of history.

C. Sarah Soh, as a native Korean who was fortunate to receive formal education both in her homeland and abroad, has produced a masterful examination of a controversial issue involving Korea and Japan which people from both countries have long oversimplified.

Koreans generally believe that Imperial Japan's leadership ordered, planned, and executed the gunpoint kidnapping of thousands of Korean females and summarily shipped them like chattel to frontline brothels.

Japanese people - at least those who know this issue - either agree that the Koreans were largely victimized, or claim that this is a gross fabrication and that the comfort women were essentially willing prostitutes.

Professor Soh cites several examples, such as interviews with survivors, to show that the truth is far more complex. Some survivors stated they were not forcibly taken by Japanese troops. Others are shown to have bought their way to freedom with earnings - earnings??? Yes. Hence the question - if the comfort women were slaves, they wouldn't have had wages. Then what were they: slaves or prostitutes or something else?

Additionally, Professor Soh does the reader a huge service by detailing the sociocultural contexts of 1930s-1940s Korea and Japan. Information on views on sex, women, and the sexism that characterized pre-modern Korean and Japanese societies is provided, thus presenting the reader with a better understanding of what facilitated the existence of "sex care work" in both societies. Anyone familiar with Korea and Japan today will be aware that extramarital affairs have been generally tolerated, historically speaking, and that older men have often availed themselves of sexual services provided by far younger women.

The comfort women issue did not happen in a vacuum. Japanese generals didn't wake up one day, deciding to 'award' their enlisted men with females to sate their urges, and they didn't decide to violently seize thousands of Korean women at will. As a reader of Korean ethnicity myself, I know this is a painful subject, and I personally believe there were abductions. But as the attentive reader will see, the story is far more diverse and much more complicated that flag-waving nationalists on either side of the East Sea (or, as some call it, the Sea of Japan), would want us to believe.

It is worth noting (somewhat of a spoiler alert) that Professor Soh was shunned and coldly treated by South Koreans who are involved in the redress movement after those activists learned of the fruits of her research. I wonder why. Did Professor Soh's findings upset their ostensibly benign agenda? Is there something she uncovered the redress activists preferred not to even know and prefer that their compatriots remain ignorant of?

If the comfort women issue is of any interest to you, read this book. It is a must-have in the library of any serious student of Korea's modern history.

14 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
Rethinking the Comfort Women Issue: A New Perspective
By Kathy Nadeau
Sarah Soh has written a balanced and informative new book on the Comfort Women issue that looks at the subject from the perspective of the bigger issue of prostitution in Asia. She meticulously documents the diversity in experiences of women recruited into this industry. Some are falsely recruited and misled to believe that they would be doing another form of work. Others are allured by the promises of entering a profession such as the kaisang profession only to end up in comfort women stations. Still others have been kidnapped by soldiers and forced into sexual slavery. Her book is a must read for those interested in scholarly research based on archival documents and extensive interviews-and observations conducted on both sides of this issue. The result is a provocative new work that challenges us to think beyond the comfort women issue to that of the rise of industrialization and women's quest for liberation from all forms of male-oriented domination-and control in favor of a more balanced relationship between peoples of all genders (i.e., a relationship of partnership and mutual respect between men and women).

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A deep study of the complexity of the Comfort Women
By Bobbie A.
I enjoyed reading this book, because it has a balanced yet in-depth look at the Comfort Women in Korea. It was educating yet sobering to learn about all the different complicated circumstances that lead to militarized prostitution.

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^^ Get Free Ebook The Devil's Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German Colonial State in Qingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa (Chicago Studies in Practices

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Germany’s overseas colonial empire was relatively short lived, lasting from 1884 to 1918. During this period, dramatically different policies were enacted in the colonies: in Southwest Africa, German troops carried out a brutal slaughter of the Herero people; in Samoa, authorities pursued a paternalistic defense of native culture; in Qingdao, China, policy veered between harsh racism and cultural exchange.
Why did the same colonizing power act in such differing ways? In The Devil’s Handwriting, George Steinmetz tackles this question through a brilliant cross-cultural analysis of German colonialism, leading to a new conceptualization of the colonial state and postcolonial theory. Steinmetz uncovers the roots of colonial behavior in precolonial European ethnographies, where the Hereros were portrayed as cruel and inhuman, the Samoans were idealized as “noble savages,” and depictions of Chinese culture were mixed. The effects of status competition among colonial officials, colonizers’ identification with their subjects, and the different strategies of cooperation and resistance offered by the colonized are also scrutinized in this deeply nuanced and ambitious comparative history.

• Sales Rank: #1345070 in Books
• Published on: 2007-11-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.40" w x 6.00" l, 2.07 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 608 pages

Review
“The Devil’s Handwriting is a masterly study of the capacious nature of the colonial form. Comparing three twentieth- century German colonies, Steinmetz demonstrates with great acuity the multiple ways that German administrators and ethnographers deployed the rule of difference in the management of colonial populations. I know of no other study of the colonial state that combines such a breathtaking depth and breadth of archival analysis with such an acute sensibility of the play of difference within the rule of difference. The writing is open, engaging, personable, even as the material is, at times, devastating.”

(Elizabeth A. Povinelli, Columbia University 2006-09-26)

“A book of extraordinary erudition and theoretical acuity, The Devil’s Handwriting opens up an entirely new angle of vision on the colonial state, on its regimes of knowledge, its techniques of governance, its diverse historical determinations. Steinmetz’s comparative grasp of the colonial archive is astounding; with this volume he reframes the field of colonial studies tout court. A truly impressive achievement.” (John L. Comaroff, Harold W. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Anthropology, University of Chicago 2007-05-08)

“In this careful study of three very different cases within a short-lived and spatially limited overseas empire, George Steinmetz sheds brilliant new light on both the general nature of the colonial state and the outward projection of Germany’s exceptional path to modernity.” (Ralph A. Austen, University of Chicago 2007-05-08)

“Steinmetz brilliantly analyzes the forces shaping German colonial rule, again showing the fruitfulness of understanding states as culturally constituted and remaking our conceptions of modernity and tradition by enculturating the modern while politicizing the “traditional.” We see in detail how social science—power/knowledge—actually worked politically, as ethnographies informed the strategies of colonial political elites. He shows us the political import of categorization practices, tracing how colonial discourse and categorization of “natives” (including understandings of race and aboriginal nobility) affected colonial administrators’ strategies vis-à-vis their political subjects, critical to the disparate fates of colonial peoples in these different sites, and to nation- and state-building in the metropole.”

(Ann Orloff, Northwestern University)

"The lengthy theoretical introduction offers a critical base for future scholarly debate on colonialism. . . . An essential addition to library collections on European colonialism." (Choice)

"The wealth of detail and information synthesized here is remarkable, and the book as a whole goes a long way towards filling an inexplicable gap in the historical literature." (Gurminder K. Bhambra Canadian Journal of Sociology)

"The book is thought-provoking, as it offers substantial evidence of the fact that colonial regimes were not uniform, but highly complex and heterogeneous. The study warrants much attention from scholars, especially as it is one of the few works on German colonial history that applies a comparative approach." (Birthe Kundrus International History Review)

"Steinmetz's study is pathbreaking. He demonstrates convincingly that a comparative approach to Germany's overseas possessions is possible and, more inmportantly, necessary, especially if one wants to understand more completely German colonialism with all its nuances, its continuities and discontinuities, its similarities and its differences." (Daniel Walther Journal of World History)

"Steinmetz's vast and detailed examination of 'native policy' in three very different German colonies provides a welcome intervention into long-standing and sometimes stale debates. He makes a convincing case that managing and stabilizing local populations . . . were the chief concern of the modern colonial state, and he proposes a flexible framework to help explain vast divergences in the treatment of colonial subjects." (Jeff Bowersox German History)

About the Author
George Steinmetz is professor of sociology and German studies at the University of Michigan. He is the author of Regulating the Social: The Welfare State and Local Politics in Imperial Germany, the editor of State/Culture: State Formation after the Colonial Turn and The Politics of Method in the Human Sciences: Positivism and its Epistemological Others, and codirector, with Michael Chanan, of the documentary film Detroit: Ruin of a City.

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Highly recommended.
By Elizabeth B.
An excellent resource for learning about German colonialism.

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The Devil's Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German Colonial State in Qingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa (Chicago Studies in Practices PDF
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Dependent on a shrinking supply of bamboo, hunted mercilessly for its pelt, and hostage to profiteering schemes once in captivity, the panda is on the brink of extinction. Here, acclaimed naturalist George Schaller uses his great evocative powers, and the insight gained by four and a half years in the forests of the Wolong and Tangjiahe panda reserves, to document the plight of these mysterious creatures and to awaken the human compassion urgently needed to save them.

"No scientist is better at letting the rest of us in on just how the natural world works; no poet sees the world with greater clarity or writes about it with more grace. . . . Anyone who genuinely cares for wildlife cannot help being grateful to Schaller--both for his efforts to understand the panda and for the candor with which he reports what has gone so badly wrong in the struggle to save it from extinction."--Geoffrey C. Ward, New York Times Book Review


"Schaller's book is a unique mix of natural history and the politics of conservation, and it makes for compelling reading. . . . Having been in giant panda country myself, I found some of the descriptions of the animals and habitats breathtaking. Schaller describes the daily routines and personalities of the giant pandas he studied (as well as their fates thereafter) as though they were his blood relatives. . . . Schaller's brilliant presentation of the complexities of conservation makes his book a milestone for the conservation movement."--Devra G. Kleiman, Washington Post Book World


"George Schaller's most soulful work, written in journal style with many asides about a creature who evolved only two to three million years ago (about the same time as humans). . . . Here, conservation biology confronts an evil that grinds against hope and shatters the planet's diversity. Written with hope."--Whole Earth Catalog


"A nicely crafted blend of wildlife observation and political-cultural analysis. . . . The Last Panda is a sad chronicle of our failure, so far, to stem the decline of the animal that may be the most beloved on the planet."--Donald Dale Jackson, Smithsonian

• Sales Rank: #510458 in Books
• Published on: 1994-11-01
• Ingredients: Example Ingredients
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x .80" w x 6.00" l, 1.03 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 312 pages

Amazon.com Review
Only George Schaller, the intrepid and clear-eyed biologist and author, could have written this book. In 1980 Schaller became the first foreigner allowed to study the panda in its native habitat, in China's Sichuan Province. Five years later he emerged shaken and angered by what he saw as mismanagement leading to the panda's decline. Schaller is unafraid to criticize the Chinese government, the U.S. government, even the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the panda as its logo. This beautiful, passionate book shows that, sadly, even a species as well-known and well-loved as the panda faces a grim future in modern Asia.

From Publishers Weekly
From 1980 to 1985 Schaller ( The Mountain Gorilla ) was engaged in field research on the giant panda, in a joint project of the Chinese government and the World Wildlife Fund. He gives a riveting account of his experiences on two levels: observing pandas in their natural and dwindling habitat while simultaneously coping with bureaucratic obduracy, mismanagement, carelessness and lack of commitment among most of the Chinese scientific team. From a rugged camp at the Wolong panda reserve in Sichuan province, Schaller and his wife, Kay, monitored pandas, documenting their travels, courtships, births and deaths. They also tracked red pandas, golden monkeys and takins (relatives of the musk-ox). The project revealed the fragmented habitat of the pandas, which exist in isolated populations threatened by local poaching and depredation of the bamboo forests. Today, fewer than 1000 giant pandas live in the wild. Schaller discusses the "rent-a-panda" scheme, whereby Western zoos pay huge sums to China to "borrow" pandas for exhibit. In 1989 the WWF published a conservation strategy for the panda; it has yet to be implemented. Schaller's account offers a striking example of the conflict between politics and conservation. Photos.
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal
In this book, Schaller, the author of The Giant Pandas of Wolong ( LJ 6/1/85) and many popular accounts of his field research on such animals as lions and gorillas, describes a World Wildlife Fund-sponsored study of the giant panda, carried out in cooperation with Chinese scientists throughout the 1980s. As the title suggests, the panda faces the same problems as beloved but endangered animals everywhere: loss of habitat, poaching, ready markets for pelts as status symbols, breeding problems and "rent a panda" policies in zoos, and indifferent bureaucrats at every level. An unusual aspect of the panda problem is the periodic die-off of bamboo, the animal's main diet; Schaller describes the worldwide confusion and concern about pandas caused by the flowering of bamboo in the mid-1980s. Americans are still crazy about pandas, as the dismay over the recent death of Ling-Ling at Washington's National Zoo demonstrates. Schaller's reserved and faintly depressed tone does not make for lively reading, but he has an important story to tell. For most libraries.
- Beth Clewis, Prince William, P.L., Va.
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Most helpful customer reviews

15 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
A comprehensive study of the life of the giant panda.
By A Customer
In this book, George Schaller depicts the giant panda of China not only as a "cute" and lovable creature, but that it is also in a struggle to overcome extinction. I enjoyed reading this book because George Schaller writes down his most inner thoughts and feelings regarding the panda project in China. He does not hold anything back from the reader. From reading this book, I learned about the plight of the panda that other books have failed to mention.

5 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Moving and highly readable
By G. Angell
This book left me with a feeling one has after seeing a very moving film--sad, but reflective and motivated. I'll think about this book and any global conservation partnership differently now. The Last Panda gives equal time to the ecology and lives of wild pandas, but also to the difficulties of forging an international conservation project between Western and Eastern cultures, in this case the WWF and the Chinese government. Bureacratic apathy, even malfeasance, differing ideas of what constitutes "research" and even sad grasps at publicity using pandas as pawns disrupt and ultimately damage the precious few pandas in the study. Schaller's droll voice lends a small bit of humor to what must have been an extreme challenge in self-control when dealing with the friction between involved parties. This is not an uplifting success story, but almost rather a story of candid warning of the realities of forging global partnerships in any realm. Ultimately, concerned citizens, researchers, NGOs and governments have to remember why we're all involved: not for personal glory or public relations, but to save the endangered animal.

0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Tammy
Great resource for a college level research paper.

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** Fee Download Anger, Mercy, Revenge (The Complete Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca), by Lucius Annaeus Seneca

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Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 BCE–65 CE) was a Roman Stoic philosopher, dramatist, statesman, and adviser to the emperor Nero, all during the Silver Age of Latin literature. The Complete Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca is a fresh and compelling series of new English-language translations of his works in eight accessible volumes. Edited by world-renowned classicists Elizabeth Asmis, Shadi Bartsch, and Martha C. Nussbaum, this engaging collection restores Seneca—whose works have been highly praised by modern authors from Desiderius Erasmus to Ralph Waldo Emerson—to his rightful place among the classical writers most widely studied in the humanities.

Anger, Mercy, Revenge comprises three key writings: the moral essays On Anger and On Clemency—which were penned as advice for the then young emperor, Nero—and the Apocolocyntosis, a brilliant satire lampooning the end of the reign of Claudius. Friend and tutor, as well as philosopher, Seneca welcomed the age of Nero in tones alternately serious, poetic, and comic—making Anger, Mercy, Revenge a work just as complicated, astute, and ambitious as its author.

• Sales Rank: #223247 in Books
• Published on: 2012-11-20
• Released on: 2012-11-20
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.50" h x 1.30" w x 5.50" l, .75 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 272 pages

Review
"The translations strike that difficult balance between fidelity to the original and natural English idiom. Latinless readers will not be confused, philosophically minded readers will appreciate the citations, and classicists will find in the notes the discussion and arguments they may want to clarify the original....An admirable effort to bring Seneca to a wider audience."—Bryn Mawr Classical Review

(Bryn Mawr Classical Review)

“The translations are faithful and lively. . . . Although the translators take Seneca seriously as a moralizing philosopher, their introductions and annotations—though attentive to the literary and rhetorical qualities Seneca’s writing displays—are not technical in terms of philosophy. Accordingly, they will be accessible to any intelligent reader.”

(Choice)

About the Author

Robert A. Kaster is professor of classics and the Kennedy Foundation Professor of Latin Language and Literature at Princeton University. He is the author of Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome, among other volumes.  Martha C. Nussbaum is the Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago and author of Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities and Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach, among other volumes.

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20 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Gotta love Seneca.
By A. Ann
This is a great book. It provides plenty of notes on the texts so you can understand the context of the texts.
This contains three works : On Anger, On Clemency, and The Pumpkinification of Claudius

Seneca is most known for being a avid stoic and the tutor of Nero. A basic understanding of Stoicism will really enhance your understanding of these texts which there is a little discussion of Stoicism in the intro.

On Anger is a philosophical text on the pitfalls of anger. It was actually written for some male relation of Seneca, his nephew maybe? For this being a text translated from Latin, it is really easy to follow. In general, I find Senecan writings translate a lot nicer than other Roman authors. Seneca's basic argument relies on stoic principles to point out why you should never give into anger. Even, according to Seneca, if you see your mother being raped or your father killed, you should not give into anger. Overall, this work gives a real good look into the turmoil and treacherous environment ancient Rome was, especially in politics.

On Clemency is just what it sounds like, a work about being clement. This work was written for Nero. However, never finished. It was started at the beginning of Nero's reign, then it is speculated Seneca stopped writing it when it became obvious Nero was not going to be a clement ruler. Once again, Seneca relies on stoic principles to make his argument for clemency. Since this was written for Nero, it is impossible to read it and not see how Nero fails. Though Seneca certainly works through his Stoic values in this work you can really see how he turns them to appeal to Nero's vanity. Such as repeatedly painting a ruler, i.e. Nero, as a God, such as making Rome to be a body, and Nero the head, such as making one of his largest points for clemency that it is most beneficial for the ruler to be clement.

Lastly, the Pumpkinfication of Claudius, this is probably my favorite Latin text I've ever read! This deals with the deifying of Claudius, the previous ruler before Nero who was his step-father. Basically, when an emperor died, the senate would vote to make him a god. So this is a parody of Claudius' journey into godhood. Note, that Seneca was not a fan of Claudius at all since he was exiled by him. Basically, this work utterly cuts Claudius to shreds. Very humorously it criticizes Claudius for killing many of his relatives, just being an overall idiot, marrying his niece, loving etruscan culture, writing histories, and just so much more. Seriously, this is a great work and it is such a contrast to Seneca's philosophical works like On Anger and On Clemency, and even his tragedies that still take a serious note in Stoicism. If anything, you can enjoy the contrast in Seneca's writing to these other two.

Overall, this was a collection of Senecan works that had nice introductions to help understand them better.

13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
By far the best translation
By F. Bailey Norwood
Only buy works of Seneca from this series. Better than any other translation, it's best features are the many footnotes which helps u understand what Seneca is alluding to. Many times Seneca will use examples only his contemporaries would understand, but with these footnotes, modern readers may also.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Delighted
By Amazon Customer
While I can't speak to the quality of the translation per se, I can say that the prose is quite lucid and the essays compellingly readable. The introductions to each essay are very helpful in alerting the reader to some of the idiosyncracies of Seneca's Stoicism and pointing to a broader view of the subject as well. What's more, they effectively elucidate Seneca's arguments as they are devoid of obfuscatory "academic" stylings. Finally, the footnotes at the end of each essay are both fascinating and illuminating and they further convey the sense that fine scholarship and clear thinking went into this book. I enthusiastically recommend Anger, Mercy, Revenge for these reasons and - perhaps most importantly - its continuing relevance to contemporary life.

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Leo Strauss articulates the conflict between reason and revelation as he explores Spinoza's scientific, comparative, and textual treatment of the Bible. Strauss compares Spinoza's Theologico-political Treatise and the Epistles, showing their relation to critical controversy on religion from Epicurus and Lucretius through Uriel da Costa and Isaac Peyrere to Thomas Hobbes.

Strauss's autobiographical Preface, traces his dilemmas as a young liberal intellectual in Germany during the Weimar Republic, as a scholar in exile, and as a leader of American philosophical thought.

"[For] those interested in Strauss the political philosopher, and also those who doubt whether we have achieved the 'final solution' in respect to either the character of political science or the problem of the relation of religion to the state." —Journal of Politics

"A substantial contribution to the thinking of all those interested in the ageless problems of faith, revelation, and reason." —Kirkus Reviews

Leo Strauss (1899-1973) was the Robert Maynard Hutchins Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of political science at the University of Chicago. His contributions to political science include The Political Philosophy of Hobbes, The City and the Man, What is Political Philosophy?, and Liberalism Ancient and Modern.

• Sales Rank: #933037 in Books
• Published on: 1997-01-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x .90" w x 6.00" l, .98 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 334 pages

Language Notes
Text: English (translation)
Original Language: German

About the Author
Leo Strauss (1899–1973) was one of the preeminent political philosophers of the twentieth century. He is the author of many books, among them The Political Philosophy of Hobbes, Natural Right and History,and Spinoza’s Critique of Religion, all published by the University of Chicago Press.

Most helpful customer reviews

21 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
A Terrific Introduction to both Spinoza and Strauss
By Nicq MacDonald
Leo Strauss, intellectual godfather of neoconservativism and intellectual bogeyman of the postmodern left, is always sure to provoke thought in his readers. Here, in one of his earliest works, he takes on Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise, the very root of the enlightenment critique of religious revelation.

According to Strauss, Spinoza's critique is rooted in the prior philosophical work of Maimonides, da Costa, and Hobbes. Unlike Maimonides, who tries to reconcile reason and faith, or Hobbes, who believes in the necessity of a "religious lie" for political control, Spinoza believes that man can live by reason alone. According to Strauss, Spinoza's critique is flawed- though the philosopher can live without revelation, revelation is a necessity for the populous at large. Strauss evaluates Spinoza's critiques of both Christianity and Judaism, as well as where his philosophy intersects and diverges from Calvinism- the major trend of theological thought in the Netherlands during Spinoza's own time.

A valuable book for students of philosophy, politics, and anyone trying to understand the origins of our modern separation between church and state.

0 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
He was simply amazing, the best 20th-century commentator on philosophy
By jim muncy
If Leo Strauss says it, it's true and valuable. He was simply amazing, the best 20th-century commentator on philosophy.

9 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
This book causes us to think
By Israel Drazin
There is a single idea held by the thinkers that Leo Strauss discusses in this perceptive book. Each recognized that the general population turned to religion because they were searching a life that is devoid of anxiety and pain, a metaphorical return to the Garden of Eden. Each recognized that people may think that religion removes these burdens, but by turning to religion, they moved from the kettle into the fire, for religion encumbers people with a host of responsibilities and bother.

These thinkers were correct in stating that religion adds responsibilities, but they were wrong in saying that humans have a right to a tranquil life. They did not see that the tranquil life they sought is the non-human vegetative life of a plant or animal. They failed to understand what the great Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides (1138-1204) taught - that humans were created with a mind and have a duty to develop it to improve themselves and society. This task is not easy. It is difficult and burdensome. It requires constant, even daily effort. But it is the human thing to do.

Religion can be an opiate, as Karl Marx (1818-1883) wrote. It can conceal concerns and fears, as Epicurus said. However, if a religion does so it is wrong. If, on the other hand, religion is practiced in a way that creates challenges that stimulate an individual to improve, then it is a proper guide.

Strauss' book is good because it turns our minds to the difference between passively seeking tranquility in religion or actively looking to improve ourselves and society.

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Spinoza's Critique of Religion, by Leo Strauss PDF
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** Download The Political Philosophy of Hobbes: Its Basis and Its Genesis (Phoenix Books), by Leo Strauss

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In this classic analysis, Leo Strauss pinpoints what is original and innovative in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. He argues that Hobbes's ideas arose not from tradition or science but from his own deep knowledge and experience of human nature. Tracing the development of Hobbes's moral doctrine from his early writings to his major work The Leviathan, Strauss explains contradictions in the body of Hobbes's work and discovers startling connections between Hobbes and the thought of Plato, Thucydides, Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, and Hegel.

• Sales Rank: #486534 in Books
• Published on: 1996-04-15
• Released on: 1996-04-15
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.50" h x .60" w x 5.50" l, .52 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 190 pages

From the Back Cover
In this classic analysis, Leo Strauss pinpoints what is original and innovative in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. He argues that Hobbes's ideas arose not from tradition or science but from his own deep knowledge and experience of human nature. Tracing the development of Hobbes's moral doctrine from his early writings to his major work, The Leviathan, Strauss explains contradictions in the body of Hobbes's work and discovers startling connections between Hobbes and the thought of Plato, Thucydides, Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, and Hegel.

About the Author
Leo Strauss (1899-1973) was Robert Maynard Hutchins Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in political science at the University of Chicago. Among his works published by the University of Chicago Press are Thoughts on Machiavelli, The City and Man, and Natural Right and History.

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7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
a note on latin
By a reader
I just want to note that quotations from Latin in this book are left untranslated so if you are not familiar with this language, a scholarly reading may require additonal work on your part.

17 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
Strauss before Strauss
By steven schwartzbard
I read somewhere that Strauss carried this book in a water-tight container when he crossed the channel to England so that, even if the ship went down, his work would survive. However that may be, it is the rare opportunity to see Strauss genuinely struggle with a problem. The prevailing opinion, I am told, is that Hobbes' science, or the discovery of Galileo's analytic-synthetic method, was the origin of Hobbes political philosophy (the analysis of the prevailing order (state of nature), the synthesis or construction of a new order (Leviathan)). Strauss makes the convincing argument that not the scientific method, but instead Aristotelian humanism (in particular, the anthropology of the Rhetoric) was the "source" for Hobbes' Staatslehre. Central to this is a critique of aristocratism, and the aristocratic valorization of courage. Not courage but cowardice and the fear of death is the ruling passion of the Hobbesian bourgeois (if Bloom learned anything from Strauss, it was that). In particular, Hobbes borrowed from the Rhetoric the treatment of anger, in which the most asocial human passion is the desire for revenge (and justice). Strauss later repudiated (in Natural Right) the argument against Hobbes scientism, but the point was made.

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* Fee Download Marguerite Yourcenar: Inventing a Life, by Josyane Savigneau

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Marguerite Yourcenar was born Marguerite de Crayencour in Brussels in 1903. She lost her mother at birth, her native Belgium at the age of six, and was forced to flee her adopted France at twelve. It is little wonder that Yourcenar, whose own early past receded so quickly into personal legend, would one day describe her writing as the "passionate reconstitution , at once detailed and free, of a moment or a man out of the past." One of the most respected writers in the French language, best known as the author of Memoirs of Hadrian and The Abyss, she was awarded countless literary honors, culminating with her election in 1980 to the Académie Française (she was the first woman ever to be so honored). As complex, erudite, and intriguing as her work, Yourcenar's life has resisted its own passionate reconstitution until now, in part because of the writer's deliberate elusiveness, even in her autobiographical trilogy.

Here, in its intricate and often contradictory detail, is Marguerite Yourcenar's story, one in which loss and learning intertwined almost from the first and in which love assumed a strangely paradoxical place. Drawing on letters, diaries, and interviews with Yourcenar's friends, colleagues, and lovers, Josyane Savigneau's biography paints an intimate portrait of an artist who lived according to her own, occasionally contrary, terms: a Frenchwoman ardently in love with her native tongue, yet who lived half her life in New England; an avid seductress of women, who spent nearly forty years with one woman, yet fell in love early and late in her life with two young men; a powerful female writer whose most memorable protagonists were male, from Alexis of her first novel to the later historical characters Hadrian and Zeno. Savigneau weaves these and other contraries of Yourcenar's life into a vibrant and engrossing pattern.

Editor of "Le Monde des Livres," the literary pages of France's most influential newspaper, Savigneau first met Marguerite Yourcenar on assignment in 1984. What began as a professional relationship gradually turned into a friendship. Her personal insights into that life enrich this exhaustively documented text. Following the lead set by Yourcenar in her memoir Dear Departed, the biographer found herself "searching for a truth that is multiple, unstable, evasive, sometimes saddening, and at first glance scandalous but that one cannot approach without often feeling for human beings in all their frailty a certain measure of kinship and, always, a sense of pity." Yourcenar's profound intelligence and sympathy, her foibles and obsessions, her accomplishments and trials: all are revealed here in an uncompromising portrait of an incomparable artist.

• Sales Rank: #1418062 in Books
• Published on: 1993-10-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.70" w x 6.00" l, 2.05 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 546 pages

From Publishers Weekly
One feels a bit like a voyeur reading this biography, not because of what it reveals about the first female member of the Academie and author of Memoirs of Hadrian , Fires and The Abyss , but rather for what it reveals about the land that gave us chauvinism. Born in 1903 in Brussels, Marguerite de Crayencour was raised by her good-hearted wastrel of a father who taught her, encouraged her to write and helped her devise her anagrammatic pen name (originally the genderless Marg Yourcenar). During her extensive travels, Yourcenar met Grace Frick, an American woman who became her companion for more than 40 years until Frick's death in 1979. Hoping to be with Frick and to escape the war in Europe, Yourcenar came to the U.S. in 1939 and continued to be based here until her death in 1987. There's the rub: Savigneau, editor of the book review section of Le Monde , simply cannot believe this practitioner par excellence of the French language would want to live in the U.S.--or, for that matter, with Frick. Savigneau does not present convincing evidence for the oft repeated thesis that Yourcenar, tough though she decidedly was, was bullied by Frick into staying in the U.S. This, combined with very little descriptive sensibility (Yourcenar's travels are reduced to a list of proper nouns) and even less original critical commentary about Yourcenar's work makes for a deeply unsatisfying portrait.
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Booklist
In a densely worded but thoroughly engrossing biography of this important French writer, Savigneau lifts the shroud of mystery Yourcenar so avidly cultivated to reveal a woman whose precocious intellect surfaced at an early age. And Savigneau delves into the autobiographical aspects of Yourcenar's work, examining the history of her relationships and complicated sexual proclivities (she made a habit of seducing women but more than once fell in love with a homosexual man). Yourcenar was an important literary figure in her homeland as well as in the U.S., where she lived for many years with her partner, Grace. The fact that Yourcenar chose to keep sealed many of her letters to Grace for a 50-year period after her death does not seem to have hampered the biographer's efforts. A fascinating, unconventional portrait of the first woman ever elected to France's Academie Fran{‡}caise. Alice Joyce

From Kirkus Reviews
The thesis of this meticulous and admiring biography is that Yourcenar (b. Crayencour, 1903-87) was both inventor and invention, creating her life along with her fiction. Savigneau (literary editor for Le Monde) struggles to establish the facts in a life of artful illusion. Inventing a pseudonym (an anagram of her given name) was for Yourcenar one more gesture of freedom from a childhood of losses that began with the death of her mother (while giving birth to Yourcenar) and that went on to include the loss of both a beloved nursemaid and of her country and home during WW I: a childhood spent with a wealthy and devoted but profligate and aging father. Yourcenar began and ended her life with love affairs with men who were much younger than herself--men who preferred other men--but she spent 40 years with a woman, Grace Frick, in a relationship so consuming that Yourcenar gave up her beloved France to live in America, among people she considered ``without civilization.'' With no formal education, Yourcenar taught beginning French at Sarah Lawrence and found acclaim in the publication of her novel The Memoirs of Hadrian (1952). Much of Savigneau's study consists of the mundane: domestic arrangements (including shopping lists) at the Maine summer house that Yourcenar shared with Frick; Yourcenar's travels, lectures, and habits of composition. The most interesting passages detail the objections of Acad‚mie Fran‡aise members to the nomination (and eventual election) of Yourcenar as its first woman member: ``What would she wear?'' one asked. Yourcenar mingled with no notable writers, it seems, and participated in none of the artistic ferment of her period in either Paris or New York. To control her own history, to avoid being the ``prey'' of biographers, Yourcenar left masses of well-organized papers--but she concealed those that may have answered the question that Savigneau raises without--despite her diligence--answering: What made Yourcenar a ``star,'' a ``myth,'' a ``legend''? (Fifty halftones) -- Copyright ©1993, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.

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12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Marguerite Yourcenar: Reinventing a Life
By Magdalena B. Reyna
Such a magnificent writer deserves a better biography. This one is repetitive (do we need to know that a trunk was left behind so many times?) and could have used a more strict editor. Savigneau's dislike for Yourcenar's long-time companion Grace, presents a very one-sided view of their relationship. By hanging on Yourcenar's every word, Savigneau has created a book which is arid and difficult to read. More of Yourcenar's humanity might have given this biography a needed touch.

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